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Related Concept Videos

Magnetism01:30

Magnetism

Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...
Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
Induced Electric Fields: Applications01:27

Induced Electric Fields: Applications

An important distinction exists between the electric field induced by a changing magnetic field and the electrostatic field produced by a fixed charge distribution. Specifically, the induced electric field is nonconservative because it does not work in moving a charge over a closed path. In contrast, the electrostatic field is conservative and does no net work over a closed path. Hence, electric potential can be associated with the electrostatic field but not the induced field. The following...
Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
Magnetic Damping01:17

Magnetic Damping

Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
If, however, the bob is a slotted metal plate, the magnet produces a much smaller effect. When a slotted metal plate enters the field, an emf is induced by the change in flux; however, it is less effective because the slots limit the...
Magnetic Declination01:19

Magnetic Declination

Magnetic declination is the angle between true north, which aligns with the Earth's rotational axis, and magnetic north, which follows the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. This discrepancy exists because the magnetic poles do not coincide with the geographic poles. The value of magnetic declination depends on the observer's location on Earth and is subject to changes over time due to the dynamic nature of the Earth's magnetic field.The declination is called eastern when magnetic north...

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Geomagnetic Field (Gmf) and Plant Evolution: Investigating the Effects of Gmf Reversal on Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Gene Expression
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Geomagnetic Field (Gmf) and Plant Evolution: Investigating the Effects of Gmf Reversal on Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Gene Expression

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Pacific geomagnetic secular variation.

R R Doell, A Cox

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |January 22, 1971
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Geomagnetic secular variation records reveal a weaker nondipole field in the central Pacific over the last 0.7 million years. This suggests lower mantle inhomogeneity influences Earth's magnetic field generation beneath this region.

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    Area of Science:

    • Geophysics
    • Earth Sciences
    • Paleomagnetism

    Background:

    • Earth's magnetic field exhibits secular variation, a long-term change in its intensity and direction.
    • The nondipole component of the geomagnetic field is thought to originate from complex fluid motions within the Earth's core.
    • Previous studies suggest regional variations in the geomagnetic field, but the underlying causes remain debated.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate long-period geomagnetic secular variation using diverse paleomagnetic and direct observational data.
    • To determine if the central Pacific region exhibits unique characteristics in its geomagnetic field behavior over geological timescales.
    • To identify potential links between lower mantle structures and the suppression of the nondipole geomagnetic field.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of direct observatory measurements of geomagnetic secular variation.
    • Paleomagnetic analysis of Hawaiian lava flows with precisely dated ages (0-200 years).
    • Paleomagnetic analysis of Hawaiian lava flows with less precisely dated ages (200-10,000 years).
    • Examination of worldwide paleomagnetic data from lava flows over the past 0.7 million years to assess geomagnetic angular dispersion.

    Main Results:

    • All analyzed magnetic records consistently show a reduced nondipole component of the Earth's magnetic field in the central Pacific compared to other regions.
    • This observed pattern has persisted over the last 0.7 million years, mirroring contemporary field characteristics.
    • The data indicate a coupling between the Earth's core and lower mantle, suppressing nondipole field generation beneath the central Pacific.

    Conclusions:

    • The central Pacific region experiences a suppressed nondipole geomagnetic field, likely due to lower mantle inhomogeneity.
    • The observed pattern suggests a significant influence of deep Earth structures on the processes generating the geomagnetic field.
    • Further research is needed to distinguish between core-mantle boundary topography and lateral variations in lower mantle properties as the primary cause.