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Updated: Jun 24, 2026
06:56
Micro/Nano-scale Strain Distribution Measurement from Sampling Moiré Fringes
Published on: May 23, 2017
Summary
Japanese R&D expenditure data reveals technological diversification patterns. Policies accelerate this diversification, with electronics showing downstream and chemical industries showing horizontal patterns.
Area of Science:
- Economics of Innovation
- Industrial Organization
- Science and Technology Policy
Background:
- Measuring technological diversification is crucial for understanding industry dynamics.
- Existing databases often lack granular detail on research and development (R&D) expenditure across product fields.
Purpose of the Study:
- To measure technological diversification using a detailed Japanese R&D database.
- To identify sectoral patterns of diversification (upstream, downstream, horizontal).
- To examine the influence of corporate and governmental policies on technological diversification.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a Japanese database disaggregating intramural R&D expenditure into 31 product fields.
- Categorized diversification into upstream (inputs), downstream (outputs), and horizontal (non-input-output) patterns.
- Analyzed industry-specific diversification strategies, including electronics and chemical sectors.
Main Results:
- The electronics industry exhibits downstream diversification, while the chemical industry shows horizontal diversification.
- Declining industries tend to engage in upstream diversification.
- Japanese corporate and governmental policies have significantly accelerated technological diversification.
Conclusions:
- Technological diversification patterns vary significantly across industries.
- Governmental and corporate policies play a key role in shaping R&D diversification strategies.
- Understanding these patterns is essential for effective industrial and innovation policy.
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