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Flake tools stratified below paleo-Indian artifacts.

M J Reagan, R M Rowlett, E G Garrison

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|June 16, 1978

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Ancient stone tools in Missouri reveal early human presence. Lithic stage flake tools predate Paleo-Indian fluted points, with occupations older than 13,000 B.C.

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Area of Science:

Archaeology
Geochronology
Lithic Analysis

Background:

Excavations in northwest Missouri uncovered Lithic stage flake tools.
These tools were found beneath a Paleo-Indian fluted point assemblage.
The assemblages were located within two distinct loess deposits from the last glaciation.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a chronological framework for early human occupations in northwest Missouri.
To differentiate between Lithic stage and Paleo-Indian occupations based on stratigraphy and material culture.

Main Methods:

Thermoluminescent (TL) dating of stone tools was employed.
Geologic correlation of loess deposits was performed.
Lithic analysis of flake tools and fluted points was conducted.
Cultural stratigraphy was examined to determine depositional sequences.

Main Results:

Thermoluminescent analysis dated Paleo-Indian occupations to 8690 +/- 1000 B.C. and 12,855 +/- 1500 B.C.
Lithic stage occupations were determined to be older than 13,000 B.C.
The findings indicate a cultural stratigraphy where Lithic stage precedes Paleo-Indian occupations.

Conclusions:

The Lithic stage occupations in northwest Missouri are significantly older than previously understood.
The study provides crucial data for understanding the timing and sequence of the earliest human settlements in North America.
Combined dating and lithic analysis confirm distinct, sequential occupations by different prehistoric groups.