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Nitrification in paleocene shale.

J F Power, J J Bond, F M Sandoval

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |March 15, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Exchangeable ammonium nitrogen is found deep in Paleocene shale. Nitrification is limited below 10 meters due to a lack of organisms and oxygen, but occurs readily with atmospheric exposure.

    Area of Science:

    • Geochemistry
    • Environmental Science
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Exchangeable ammonium nitrogen is a key nutrient in soils and sediments.
    • Paleocene (Fort Union) shale formations in North Dakota and eastern Montana contain significant ammonium nitrogen.
    • Understanding nitrogen cycling in shale environments is crucial for soil health and environmental studies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the distribution and transformation of exchangeable ammonium nitrogen in Paleocene shale.
    • To determine the factors limiting nitrification in deeper shale layers.
    • To assess the potential for nitrification under varying environmental conditions.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of shale samples from varying depths (above and below 10 meters).

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Incubation of shale samples under controlled conditions (27°C, nonsterile).
  • Assessment of nitrification activity in response to atmospheric exposure.

    • Main Results:

    • Exchangeable ammonium nitrogen is present in Paleocene shale below 10 meters.
    • In situ nitrification of ammonium nitrogen occurs above 10 meters.
    • Nitrification is inhibited below 10 meters, likely due to limited nitrifying organisms and oxygen availability.
    • Shale samples showed active nitrification when incubated or exposed to atmospheric contamination.

    Conclusions:

    • Depth is a critical factor controlling nitrogen cycling in Paleocene shale.
    • Environmental conditions, specifically oxygen availability and microbial populations, dictate nitrification rates.
    • Shale nitrogen can be bioavailable under favorable conditions, suggesting potential for nutrient cycling in these geological formations.