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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Minerals01:26

Minerals

Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
14:55

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Published on: June 24, 2018

Serpentine minerals: intergrowths and new combination structures.

D R Veblen, P R Buseck

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |December 21, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Serpentine minerals like chrysotile and lizardite intimately intergrow with talc and chlorite. New structural variations in serpentine and mixed-layer silicates were observed using advanced microscopy techniques.

    Area of Science:

    • Mineralogy
    • Geology
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Serpentine group minerals are hydrous magnesium iron phyllosilicates.
    • Understanding their intergrowth is crucial for geological and materials applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the microstructural relationships between serpentine minerals and associated silicates.
    • To identify novel structural features within serpentine minerals.

    Main Methods:

    • High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).
    • Analysis of incompletely reacted chain silicates.

    Main Results:

    • Intimate intergrowths of chrysotile, lizardite, and antigorite with talc, chlorite, and amphibole were observed.

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    Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples
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    Synchrotron X-ray Microdiffraction and Fluorescence Imaging of Mineral and Rock Samples

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    Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
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    Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

    Published on: June 24, 2018

    Synthesis of a Thiol Building Block for the Crystallization of a Semiconducting Gyroidal Metal-sulfur Framework
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  • New variations in serpentine planar and roll structures were identified.
  • Regions of mixed-layer silicates comprising serpentine and talc layers were discovered.

    • Conclusions:

    • The complex intergrowth patterns suggest specific reaction pathways in silicate systems.
    • HRTEM reveals previously uncharacterized structural complexity in serpentine minerals.
    • The presence of mixed-layer serpentine-talc structures indicates a close genetic relationship.