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Related Concept Videos

Migration00:53

Migration

Migration is long-range, seasonal movement from one region or habitat to another. This common strategy, carried out by many different organisms around the world, is an adaptive response that typically corresponds to changes in an organism’s environment, like resource availability or climate. Migrations can involve huge groups of thousands of animals as well as single individuals traveling alone and can range from thousands of kilometers to just a few hundred meters.
Keystone Species01:39

Keystone Species

Measures of species biodiversity, such as richness (i.e., the number of species present) and evenness (i.e., their relative abundance), describe an ecological community’s structure. Many factors affect community structure, including abiotic factors (e.g., sunlight and nutrients), disturbances (e.g., fire or flood), species interactions (e.g., predation or competition), and chance events (e.g., foreign species invasion). Certain species—such as keystone species—also play a pivotal role in the...
Conservation of Declining Populations02:07

Conservation of Declining Populations

Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
09:09

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

Published on: August 8, 2017

Elephant teeth from the atlantic continental shelf.

F C Whitmore, K O Emery, H B Cooke

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |June 16, 1967
    PubMed
    Summary

    Fossilized teeth from mastodons and mammoths have been found on the continental shelf, indicating large mammals inhabited the region 25,000 years ago during lower sea levels. These discoveries include submerged shorelines and ancient organic deposits.

    Area of Science:

    • Paleontology
    • Geology
    • Marine Biology

    Background:

    • The continental shelf contains evidence of past environments and fauna.
    • Submerged geological and biological features offer insights into sea-level changes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To document the presence of Pleistocene megafauna on the continental shelf.
    • To reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions during the last glacial period.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of fossilized remains (mastodon and mammoth teeth) recovered by fishermen.
    • Geological and biological surveys of submerged continental shelf sites.

    Main Results:

    • Over 40 sites yielded mastodon and mammoth teeth, some at depths of 120 meters.

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    Environmental DNA Sampling from Whale-Watching Vessels for Cetacean Monitoring
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    Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
    09:09

    Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

    Published on: August 8, 2017

    Using Archival Japanese Paper and Thermoplastic Resins to Prepare Fossils for Storage, Display, Transport, and Radiography
    07:30

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    Environmental DNA Sampling from Whale-Watching Vessels for Cetacean Monitoring
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    Environmental DNA Sampling from Whale-Watching Vessels for Cetacean Monitoring

    Published on: April 10, 2026

  • Associated findings include submerged shorelines, peat deposits, lagoonal shells, and relict sands.
  • Evidence suggests large mammals inhabited this region during the last glacial stage (low sea level).

    • Conclusions:

    • The continental shelf was a terrestrial environment supporting large mammal populations during the Pleistocene.
    • Sea-level fluctuations have significantly impacted the submerged landscapes and their fossil records.