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Related Concept Videos

Emission Spectra02:39

Emission Spectra

When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon01:21

Schwarzschild Radius and Event Horizon

No object with a finite mass can travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum. This fact has an interesting consequence in the domain of extremely high gravitational fields.
The minimum speed required to launch a projectile from the surface of an object to which it is gravitationally bound so that it eventually escapes the object’s gravitational field is called the escape velocity. The escape velocity is independent of the mass of the object. Merging the idea of escape velocity with the...
Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency01:11

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency

The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession, and the angular frequency...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO
10:35

Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO

Published on: February 12, 2013

Supernova 1987A!

S E Woosley, M M Phillips

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |May 6, 1988
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The 1987 supernova, the brightest in nearly 400 years, offered unprecedented insights into massive star death. Observations from diverse detectors confirmed many theories but also revealed fascinating surprises about this cosmic event.

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    Area of Science:

    • Astronomy and Astrophysics
    • Cosmic Explosions
    • Stellar Evolution

    Background:

    • The brightest supernova in almost 400 years, SN 1987A, occurred in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
    • Its relative proximity (160,000 light-years) enabled detailed, novel observations.
    • Supernovae represent the violent death of massive stars, a key process in the universe.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To leverage the unique observational opportunities presented by SN 1987A.
    • To enhance the understanding of the physics governing the death of massive stars.
    • To compare observational data with theoretical models of supernovae.

    Main Methods:

    • Multi-wavelength observations from space, ground-based detectors, balloons, and airplanes.
    • Detection of neutrinos using deep underground detectors.
    • Analysis of light curves and spectral data to understand energy release and composition.

    Main Results:

    • Confirmation of many theoretical expectations regarding supernova mechanisms.
    • Detection of neutrinos provided direct evidence of the core collapse process.
    • Unexpected observational data challenged some existing models, highlighting new phenomena.

    Conclusions:

    • SN 1987A significantly advanced our understanding of stellar death and supernova physics.
    • The event underscored the importance of multi-messenger astronomy (light and neutrinos).
    • Surprises from SN 1987A continue to drive theoretical and observational research in astrophysics.