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Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Conservation biology is a scientific field that focuses on the preservation of biodiversity in order to protect ecosystems while meeting the needs of the human population. Humans require properly functioning ecosystems to maintain our supply of natural resources, including food, medicines, and building materials.
Conservation of Small Populations02:04

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Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less likely to...
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Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
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Rabies Necropsy Techniques in Large and Small Animals
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Middle mississippian blastoid extinction event.

W I Ausich, D L Meyer, J A Waters

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |May 6, 1988
    PubMed
    Summary

    The Middle Mississippian extinction event caused blastoids (Phylum Echinodermata) to disappear from shallow waters globally. However, blastoids later recolonized these habitats, showing a unique recovery trend among marine benthos.

    Area of Science:

    • Paleontology
    • Marine Biology
    • Echinoderm Studies

    Background:

    • The Middle Mississippian blastoid extinction event occurred approximately 340 million years ago.
    • This extinction was characterized as rapid and habitat-specific, primarily affecting shallow-water environments.
    • Onshore-offshore habitat shifts are a known historical pattern in marine benthic communities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of the Middle Mississippian extinction event on blastoid populations.
    • To analyze the habitat-specific nature and global synchronicity of this extinction.
    • To compare the recovery patterns of blastoids with other marine benthic groups.

    Main Methods:

    • Paleontological data analysis focusing on fossil distribution.

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  • Stratigraphic assessment of blastoid abundance and diversity in shallow vs. deep marine settings.
  • Comparative analysis of extinction and recovery trends across different marine taxa.

    • Main Results:

    • Blastoids became rare or absent in shallow-water habitats worldwide following the extinction event.
    • This habitat shift was likely synchronous across global marine ecosystems.
    • Post-extinction, blastoids demonstrated a unique ability to repopulate shallow-water environments after a period of low diversity and abundance.

    Conclusions:

    • The Middle Mississippian extinction significantly altered blastoid distribution, leading to a temporary loss from shallow marine habitats.
    • Blastoids exhibited an unusual recovery pattern, successfully returning to shallow-water niches unlike many other affected marine groups.
    • This study highlights the complex and varied responses of marine life to extinction events and subsequent ecological recovery.