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Related Concept Videos

Instantaneous Velocity - I01:15

Instantaneous Velocity - I

The average velocity during a time interval cannot tell us how fast or in what direction a particle is moving at any given time during the interval. To calculate this, it is important to know the instantaneous velocity, which is the velocity at a specific instant of time or at a specific point along the path. Instantaneous velocity is the quantity that measures how fast an object is moving along its path. In other words, the instantaneous velocity vx of an object is the limit of the average...
Average and Instantaneous Velocity Vectors01:12

Average and Instantaneous Velocity Vectors

To calculate other physical quantities in kinematics, the time variable must be introduced. The time variable not only allows us to state where an object is (its position) during its motion, but also how fast it’s moving. The speed at which an object is moving is given by the rate at which the position changes with time. For each position, a particular time is assigned. If the details of the motion at each instant are not important, the rate is usually expressed as the average velocity v. This...
Instantaneous Velocity - II01:10

Instantaneous Velocity - II

Instantaneous velocity is the quantity that measures how fast an object is moving along its path. In other words, the instantaneous velocity of an object is the limit of the average velocity as the elapsed time approaches zero, or the derivative of displacement with respect to time. Like average velocity, the instantaneous velocity is a vector with the dimensions of length per unit time. Instantaneous velocity can have both positive and negative values. The instantaneous velocity can be...
Drift Velocity01:19

Drift Velocity

The high speed of electrical signals results from the fact that the force between charges acts rapidly at a distance. Thus, when a free charge is forced into a wire, the incoming charge pushes other charges ahead due to the repulsive force between like charges. These moving charges move the charges farther down the line. The density of charge in a system cannot easily be increased, so the signal is passed on rapidly. The resulting electrical shock wave moves through the system at nearly the...
Average Velocity01:12

Average Velocity

To calculate the other physical quantities in kinematics, we must introduce the time variable. The time variable allows us not only to state the position of the object during its motion, but also how fast it is moving. The speed at which an object is moving is given by the rate at which the position changes with time. For each position xi, we assign a particular time ti. If the details of the motion at each instant are not important, the rate is usually expressed as the average velocity. This...
Velocity and Acceleration in Steady and Unsteady Flow01:11

Velocity and Acceleration in Steady and Unsteady Flow

In fluid mechanics, velocity and acceleration are key concepts for analyzing particle motion in both steady and unsteady flow. Consider a fluid particle moving along a pathline, where its velocity depends on its position and time. The particle's acceleration is obtained by differentiating the velocity with respect to time.
The acceleration can be generalized to any point in the flow, and expressed as components along three perpendicular directions, representing changes in velocity over time.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Quantitatively Measuring In situ Flows using a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA)
09:22

Quantitatively Measuring In situ Flows using a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA)

Published on: October 31, 2011

Bottom Velocity Observations Directly under the Gulf Stream.

W J Schmitz, A R Robinson, F C Fuglister

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |December 11, 1970
    PubMed
    Summary

    Deep ocean currents under the Gulf Stream exhibit significant speed fluctuations. These deep current changes are linked to variations in the Gulf Stream's surface position and other currents.

    Area of Science:

    • Oceanography
    • Fluid Dynamics

    Background:

    • The Gulf Stream is a major western boundary current in the North Atlantic.
    • Understanding deep ocean current dynamics is crucial for climate and weather modeling.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate deep current speeds and their temporal variability beneath the Gulf Stream.
    • To explore potential coupling between deep and surface ocean currents.

    Main Methods:

    • In-situ measurements of deep ocean current velocity.
    • Analysis of time-dependent motion and associated timescales.

    Main Results:

    • Observed deep current speeds up to 44 cm/s at 200m above the ocean bottom.
    • Identified time-dependent motion with a speed range of 40 cm/s and a 30-day timescale.

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    Image-based Lagrangian Particle Tracking in Bed-load Experiments
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    Published on: July 20, 2017

    High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
    11:59

    High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces

    Published on: June 24, 2013

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Quantitatively Measuring In situ Flows using a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA)
    09:22

    Quantitatively Measuring In situ Flows using a Self-Contained Underwater Velocimetry Apparatus (SCUVA)

    Published on: October 31, 2011

    Image-based Lagrangian Particle Tracking in Bed-load Experiments
    10:32

    Image-based Lagrangian Particle Tracking in Bed-load Experiments

    Published on: July 20, 2017

    High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
    11:59

    High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces

    Published on: June 24, 2013

  • Found correlations between deep current fluctuations and surface Gulf Stream position.

    • Conclusions:

    • Deep ocean currents under the Gulf Stream display significant variability.
    • These deep current fluctuations are coupled with surface manifestations of the Gulf Stream and other currents.