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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Laser-Induced Fluorescence Emission (L.I.F.E.) as Novel Non-Invasive Tool for In-Situ Measurements of Biomarkers in Cryospheric Habitats
13:38

Laser-Induced Fluorescence Emission (L.I.F.E.) as Novel Non-Invasive Tool for In-Situ Measurements of Biomarkers in Cryospheric Habitats

Published on: October 26, 2019

Submergent macrophytes: growth under winter ice cover.

C W Boylen, R B Sheldon

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |November 19, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Ten aquatic plant species maintain high winter densities and productivity under ice cover, with winter photosynthesis at 10-20% of summer rates. This extensive winter productivity is rarely documented.

    Area of Science:

    • Aquatic botany
    • Limnology
    • Plant ecology

    Background:

    • Submergent macrophytes are crucial aquatic primary producers.
    • Winter conditions under ice cover are often considered limiting for plant growth.
    • Limited data exists on overwintering aquatic plant productivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the in situ densities and productivity of submergent macrophyte species over three years.
    • To identify species capable of maintaining high population densities and productivity during winter.
    • To assess the photosynthetic activity of aquatic plants under winter ice cover.

    Main Methods:

    • In situ density measurements of 26 submergent macrophyte species.
    • Regular monitoring over a three-year period.

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  • Use of self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) for data collection.

    • Main Results:

    • Ten of the 26 studied species maintained high densities and productivity throughout winter.
    • Maximum winter photosynthetic rates were observed to be 10-20% of summer rates.
    • Significant aquatic plant productivity was confirmed beneath winter ice cover.

    Conclusions:

    • Certain submergent macrophyte species exhibit remarkable overwintering capabilities.
    • Winter ice cover does not completely inhibit aquatic plant productivity.
    • These findings highlight the ecological significance of under-ice macrophyte communities.