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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is formed in...

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Radical formation and polymerization of chlorophenols and chloroanisole on copper(II)-smectite.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Generation of Scalable, Metallic High-Aspect Ratio Nanocomposites in a Biological Liquid Medium
13:34

Generation of Scalable, Metallic High-Aspect Ratio Nanocomposites in a Biological Liquid Medium

Published on: July 8, 2015

Benzene Complexes with Copper(II)montmorillonite.

H E Doner, M M Mortland

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |December 12, 1969
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Benzene forms a stable complex with copper ions in copper(II)montmorillonite clay. This interaction, driven by pi electrons, occurs specifically when the clay

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    Quantifying the Binding Interactions Between Cu(II) and Peptide Residues in the Presence and Absence of Chromophores
    11:38

    Quantifying the Binding Interactions Between Cu(II) and Peptide Residues in the Presence and Absence of Chromophores

    Published on: April 5, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Clay mineralogy
    • Coordination chemistry
    • Environmental science

    Background:

    • Montmorillonite clays are widely studied for their adsorption properties.
    • Metal cations in clay minerals can influence their interactions with organic molecules.
    • Understanding benzene interactions with clays is crucial for environmental remediation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the complexation of benzene with copper(II) ions in montmorillonite.
    • To determine the role of clay structure and cation exchange in benzene complex formation.
    • To identify specific clay mineral characteristics that facilitate benzene complexation.

    Main Methods:

    • Synthesis of copper(II)montmorillonite.
    • Adsorption experiments with benzene.
    • Spectroscopic analysis to confirm complex formation.

    Main Results:

    • Benzene formed a stable complex with copper(II) ions via pi electron interaction.
    • Copper(II) was the sole exchangeable metal cation in montmorillonite capable of forming this complex.
    • Complex formation was observed only in clay minerals with charge originating from the octahedral layer.

    Conclusions:

    • The pi electrons of benzene readily coordinate with copper(II) ions within the montmorillonite structure.
    • The specific location of charge origin in clay minerals (octahedral layer) is critical for benzene complexation with exchangeable cations like copper(II).
    • Copper(II)montmorillonite exhibits unique properties for interacting with aromatic organic compounds.