Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Comparison Between Electrical And Gravitational Forces01:24

Comparison Between Electrical And Gravitational Forces

There are four fundamental forces in nature: the gravitational force, the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force. To compare the numerical strengths of the first two, take two particles of the same kind. Since electrons are fundamental particles, they are a good example.
Since both are inverse square law forces, the distance gets canceled when the ratio of the two forces is considered. Instead, the ratio of the electrical and gravitational forces depends on...
Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling01:26

Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling

During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
Modeling and Similitude01:12

Modeling and Similitude

Scaled modeling is a fundamental technique in engineering, enabling the study of large and complex systems by creating smaller, manageable replicas that recreate critical characteristics of the original. In hydrology and civil infrastructure, for example, scaled models of dams help analyze water flow, turbulence, and pressure. This method allows for accurate predictions of real-world behavior within a controlled environment, significantly reducing the cost and time involved in full-scale...
Typical Model Studies01:30

Typical Model Studies

Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway01:21

Design Example: Creating a Hydraulic Model of a Dam Spillway

Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.
Geoid and Ellipsoid01:28

Geoid and Ellipsoid

The Earth's shape is best described as an ellipsoid, a slightly flattened sphere created by rotating an ellipse around its minor axis. This flattening results in the polar axis being about 21 kilometers shorter than the equatorial axis. In contrast, the geoid represents the Earth's gravitational shape and aligns with the mean sea level (MSL). The geoid is an irregular equipotential surface where gravity is perpendicular at every point. Variations in Earth's mass distribution cause geoid...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Continental crust formation on early Earth controlled by intrusive magmatism.

Nature·2017
Same author

Digital Image Analysis Assisted Microradiography-Measurement of Mineral Content of Caries Lesions in Teeth.

Journal of research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology·2017
Same author

Formation of ridges in a stable lithosphere in mantle convection models with a viscoplastic rheology.

Geophysical research letters·2016
Same author

Dynamic causes of the relation between area and age of the ocean floor.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2012
Same author

Laser-matrix-fluoride effects on enamel demineralization.

Journal of dental research·2002
Same author

Effects of low-energy CO2 laser irradiation and the organic matrix on inhibition of enamel demineralization.

Journal of dental research·2000

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling
06:55

Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling

Published on: August 5, 2016

Comparisons between seismic Earth structures and mantle flow models based on radial correlation functions.

T H Jordan, P Puster, G A Glatzmaier

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |September 10, 1993
    PubMed
    Summary

    Numerical simulations show that barriers in the mantle transition zone create temperature patterns, but seismic data lacks evidence of this stratification affecting large-scale mantle convection.

    More Related Videos

    Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
    07:58

    Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

    Published on: August 7, 2017

    Finite Element Modeling for the Simulation of the Quasi-Static Compression of Corrugated Tapered Tubes
    06:34

    Finite Element Modeling for the Simulation of the Quasi-Static Compression of Corrugated Tapered Tubes

    Published on: January 6, 2023

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling
    06:55

    Kinematic History of a Salient-recess Junction Explored through a Combined Approach of Field Data and Analog Sandbox Modeling

    Published on: August 5, 2016

    Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
    07:58

    Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

    Published on: August 7, 2017

    Finite Element Modeling for the Simulation of the Quasi-Static Compression of Corrugated Tapered Tubes
    06:34

    Finite Element Modeling for the Simulation of the Quasi-Static Compression of Corrugated Tapered Tubes

    Published on: January 6, 2023

    Area of Science:

    • Geophysics
    • Earth Sciences
    • Computational Modeling

    Background:

    • Mantle convection drives plate tectonics and heat distribution.
    • The mid-mantle transition zone may contain chemical or phase change barriers.
    • Understanding these barriers is crucial for mantle dynamics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of transition zone barriers on mantle convection.
    • To compare numerical simulation results with seismic tomography data.
    • To assess the influence of stratification on large-scale mantle flow.

    Main Methods:

    • Three-dimensional numerical simulations of mantle convection.
    • Modeling flow impedance via chemical or endothermic phase changes.
    • Analysis of temperature fields and comparison with seismic shear-velocity models.

    Main Results:

    • Simulations reveal a distinct minimum in vertical temperature correlation length at the imposed barrier.
    • This feature persists even with filtered data, indicating robustness.
    • Seismic tomography data shows no clear evidence of such a feature.

    Conclusions:

    • Stratification in the mid-mantle transition zone has a limited effect on large-scale mantle circulation.
    • Discrepancies between models and seismic data suggest barriers do not significantly disrupt global mantle flow.