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Related Experiment Videos

Self-serving prototypes of social categories.

D Dunning1, M Perie, A L Story

  • 1Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-7601.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|December 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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People

Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Disagreements arise regarding social categories.
  • Understanding the drivers of these differing perceptions is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate why and when individuals disagree on social category prototypes.
  • To examine the role of self-serving biases in shaping these prototypes.

Main Methods:

  • Six studies were conducted to explore prototype differences.
  • Participants' self-descriptive attributes were analyzed in relation to social concepts.
  • Social information processing and judgment tasks were employed.

Main Results:

  • Disagreements in social category prototypes are often self-serving.

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  • Individuals emphasize self-descriptive traits for desirable categories and non-self-descriptive traits for undesirable ones.
  • These egocentric biases influence social judgments and information processing.

    • Conclusions:

    • Self-serving biases significantly shape social category prototypes.
    • Egocentric cognitive structures impact judgments of self and others.
    • Understanding these biases is key to understanding social perception and intergroup relations.