Anterior pelvic reconstruction with ileum after cancer treatment

Ileum has been used to reconstruct the lower urinary tract in 15 patients (10 women, five men) after treatment for bladder or gynaecological cancer. Seven patients had previously received radical pelvic irradiation. Four methods were used: group 1 (five patients): bladder patch after partial cystectomy or bladder augmentation after clam cystotomy for bladder contracture; group 2 (four patients): bladder replacement after subtotal (supratrigonal) cystectomy; group 3 (two patients): ureteric replacement for lower ureteric obstruction or fistula, and group 4 (four patients): complete replacement of bladder and lower ureters after anterior pelvic exenteration, with creation of neovagina from caecum in the two female patients. Review of the results indicates that ileum provides a versatile and safe material for anterior pelvic reconstruction in cancer patients even after previous pelvic irradiation.