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The chemistry of solid-state electronics.

E Yablonovitch

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |October 20, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Controlling chemical bonds at surfaces and interfaces is key to solid-state electronics. Discoveries in germanium, silicon, and gallium arsenide-aluminum arsenide have driven progress, though future impacts remain uncertain.

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    Area of Science:

    • Solid-state physics and chemistry
    • Materials science
    • Semiconductor device engineering

    Background:

    • Semiconductor device functionality relies on precise control of chemical bonding at surfaces and interfaces.
    • Historical progress in solid-state electronics is linked to advancements in understanding and manipulating these structures.
    • Defective chemical bonds at interfaces can impede device performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the role of chemical discoveries in advancing solid-state electronics.
    • To examine the impact of surface and interface science on semiconductor technology.
    • To offer a perspective on the future technological implications of current research.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of historical theoretical insights (Bardeen and Shockley).

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  • Analysis of key chemical discoveries concerning germanium (Ge) and silicon (Si) surfaces.
  • Examination of research on gallium arsenide-aluminum arsenide (GaAs-AlAs) interfaces.

    • Main Results:

    • Chemical control of bonding structures, especially at surfaces and interfaces, has been the primary driver of solid-state electronics progress.
    • Specific discoveries on Ge and Si surfaces, and GaAs-AlAs interfaces, have been crucial for the current electronics revolution.
    • The technological consequences of many past discoveries were not initially foreseen.

    Conclusions:

    • The ability to minimize defective chemical bonds in interfacial structures is fundamental to solid-state device operation.
    • Past accidental discoveries have significantly, though unpredictably, advanced electronics.
    • Current research holds potential for future technological advancements, necessitating cautious prognosis.