Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Picoinjection of Microfluidic Drops Without Metal Electrodes
09:20

Picoinjection of Microfluidic Drops Without Metal Electrodes

Published on: April 18, 2014

Images of Io's Sodium Cloud

D L Matson, B A Goldberg, T V Johnson

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 3, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary

    Astronomers captured the first direct images of Io's sodium cloud, revealing a banana-shaped structure extending over 100,000 km. Sodium atoms primarily precede Io, suggesting localized escape from the moon's surface.

    More Related Videos

    Visualizing Astrocyte Morphology Using Lucifer Yellow Iontophoresis07:38

    Visualizing Astrocyte Morphology Using Lucifer Yellow Iontophoresis

    Published on: September 14, 2019

    Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars08:02

    Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars

    Published on: February 11, 2020

    Related Concept Videos

    Precipitation of Ions03:11

    Precipitation of Ions

    Predicting Precipitation
    The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
    Ions, Molecules, and Compounds01:23

    Ions, Molecules, and Compounds

    Ions - When an atom participates in a chemical reaction that results in the donation or acceptance of one or more electrons, the atom becomes positively or negatively charged. This frequently happens for most atoms to have a full valence shell. This can happen either by gaining electrons to fill a shell that is more than half-full or by giving away electrons to empty a shell that is less than half-full, thereby leaving the next smaller electron shell as the new, full valence shell. An atom with...
    Ions and Ionic Charges03:27

    Ions and Ionic Charges

    In ordinary chemical reactions, the nucleus — which contains the protons and neutrons of each atom and thus identifies the element — remains unchanged. Electrons, however, can be added to atoms by transfer from other atoms, lost by transfer to other atoms, or shared with other atoms. The transfer and sharing of electrons among atoms govern the chemistry of the elements. During the formation of some compounds, atoms gain or lose electrons to form electrically charged particles called ions.
    Photosystem I01:27

    Photosystem I

    Although structurally similar to photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) is has a different electron supplier and electron acceptor.
    Both these photosystems work in concert. An excited electron from PSII is relayed to PSI via an electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, which is comprised of the carrier molecule plastoquinone, the dual-protein cytochrome complex, and plastocyanin. As electrons move between PSII and PSI, they lose energy and must be re-energized...
    Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

    Ionic Crystal Structures

    Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
    Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
    Ionization Energy03:12

    Ionization Energy

    The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called its first ionization energy (IE1). The first ionization energy for an element, X, is the energy required to form a cation with 1+ charge: