Related Experiment Videos
[New methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in children]
Insights
Both BCG and BCG-M vaccines show equal effectiveness in children. Diagnostic tools like tomography, enzyme-linked immunoassay, and ultrasound aid in managing childhood tuberculosis and its complications.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Radiology
Context:
- Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in pediatric populations.
- Accurate diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial for improving outcomes in children with TB.
- This study evaluates various diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for pediatric tuberculosis.
Purpose:
- To compare the effectiveness of BCG and BCG-M vaccines in schoolchildren.
- To assess the diagnostic utility of upright tomography, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), and liver ultrasound in pediatric TB.
- To identify risk factors for destructive pulmonary TB and evaluate treatment regimens.
Summary:
- BCG and BCG-M vaccines demonstrated comparable efficacy in a cohort of schoolchildren.
- Upright tomography is highly informative for diagnosing intrathoracic tuberculosis, especially bronchoadenitis.
- Enzyme-linked immunoassay showed high diagnostic value (96%) for destructive pulmonary processes, with genetic predisposition identified as a risk factor.
- Liver ultrasound aids in diagnosing and managing hepatic affections in children with TB, influencing treatment and drug side effects.
- Parenteral isoniazid combined with other drugs proved beneficial for disseminated pediatric TB.
Impact:
- Findings support the use of both BCG and BCG-M vaccines, offering flexibility in TB prevention strategies.
- The study highlights the importance of advanced imaging and serological tests in the comprehensive diagnosis of pediatric TB.
- Understanding risk factors and the impact of liver involvement can lead to more personalized and effective TB management plans.
- Optimized therapeutic approaches, including parenteral isoniazid, can improve outcomes for children with severe forms of TB.
Abstract:
The follow-up included two groups of schoolchildren: 862 were repeatedly given BCG and 725, BCG-M vaccines. It was demonstrated that both vaccines had the same effectiveness and the latter could also be used. Upright tomographic findings in 70 children showed that it was highly informative for the diagnosis of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children, especially for that of bronchoadenitis. Monitoring of 315 children with destructive pulmonary processes (157 of them had lesions of tuberculous etiology) made it possible to define risk factors of destructive tuberculosis contamination (in particular, genetical predisposition), the diagnostic criteria and high diagnostic value of the enzyme-linked immunoassay (96%). Ultrasound examination of the liver in 121 tuberculosis children enabled one to diagnose the type and etiology of liver affection, to control its state during treatment, to specify the side effects of the drugs and to modulate the therapy. The course and outcomes of tuberculosis were found to be affected by liver affections. The parenteral administration of isoniazid in combination with other drugs was shown to be highly beneficial in disseminated form of tuberculosis in children.