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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human eye.
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
12:20

Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

Published on: October 5, 2013

Antiferromagnetism in Pressure-Amorphized Fe2SiO4.

M B Kruger, R Jeanloz, M P Pasternak

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 7, 1992
    PubMed
    Summary

    Amorphous iron silicate (Fe(2)SiO(4)) shows a magnetic transition temperature identical to its crystalline form. This finding challenges typical behaviors observed in other disordered magnetic systems.

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    Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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    Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
    07:26

    Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

    Published on: October 7, 2013

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers
    12:20

    Sputter Growth and Characterization of Metamagnetic B2-ordered FeRh Epilayers

    Published on: October 5, 2013

    Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
    09:06

    Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

    Published on: March 24, 2019

    Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures
    07:26

    Synthesis and Microdiffraction at Extreme Pressures and Temperatures

    Published on: October 7, 2013

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Condensed Matter Physics
    • Magnetism

    Background:

    • Disordered systems often display unique magnetic properties due to spin frustration.
    • The Néel transition temperature in amorphous materials typically differs from their crystalline counterparts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the magnetic properties of amorphous iron silicate (Fe(2)SiO(4)) synthesized under high pressure.
    • To compare the magnetic transition temperature of amorphous Fe(2)SiO(4) with its crystalline form.

    Main Methods:

    • Synthesis of amorphous Fe(2)SiO(4) at elevated pressures.
    • Measurement of magnetic properties, specifically the Néel transition temperature (T(N)).

    Main Results:

    • Amorphous Fe(2)SiO(4) exhibits a Néel transition at 65 (+/-2) Kelvin at zero pressure.
    • This transition temperature is identical to that observed in crystalline Fe(2)SiO(4).

    Conclusions:

    • The magnetic behavior of amorphous Fe(2)SiO(4) is unusual compared to other disordered magnetic systems.
    • Spin frustration does not significantly suppress the Néel transition in this amorphous iron silicate.