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Brontides: natural explosive noises.

T Gold, S Soter

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |April 27, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Natural explosive sounds, or brontides, are linked to seismic activity and gas eruptions. Distinguishing these natural phenomena from artificial noises and unusual sound propagation is challenging.

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    Area of Science:

    • Geophysics
    • Acoustics
    • Seismology

    Background:

    • Brontides, or natural explosive noises, are documented phenomena.
    • These sounds are often associated with seismic activity, sometimes preceding earthquakes.
    • Potential causes include ground-to-air acoustic transmission from shallow earthquakes and gas eruptions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the origins and characteristics of natural brontides.
    • To differentiate natural brontides from artificial noises and atmospheric acoustic phenomena.
    • To understand the challenges in identifying brontides due to environmental factors.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of documented brontide events and their correlation with seismic data.
    • Analysis of acoustic transmission models for shallow earthquakes.

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  • Evaluation of alternative hypotheses, including subterranean gas releases.
  • Comparison with phenomena like anomalous sound propagation, thunder, and artificial noises.

    • Main Results:

    • Shallow earthquakes can explain many brontide events via ground-to-air acoustic transmission.
    • Not all brontides are fully explained by seismic activity; gas eruptions are a plausible alternative.
    • Anomalous atmospheric conditions and artificial noises (e.g., sonic booms) complicate the identification of natural brontides.

    Conclusions:

    • Natural brontides have multiple potential origins, primarily seismic and geological.
    • Accurate identification of brontides requires careful consideration of seismic, acoustic, and environmental factors.
    • Increasing artificial noise levels pose a challenge to recognizing and studying natural brontide events.