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Famine: causes, prevention, and relief.

J W Mellor, S Gavian

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 30, 1987

Summary

Famines result from decreased food production, often worsened by economic factors and government policy. Addressing resource scarcity and promoting development are crucial for famine prevention, especially in Africa.

Area of Science:

Agricultural Science
Development Economics
Public Policy

Background:

Famines stem from multi-year declines in food production due to adverse weather or conflict.
Economic factors like price volatility, unemployment, and asset depletion exacerbate famine conditions, leading to increased mortality.
Government policies play a critical role in determining the severity and spread of famine.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the causes and contributing factors of famine.
To evaluate the effectiveness of government policies in famine mitigation.
To identify key challenges and potential solutions for reducing famine vulnerability, particularly in Africa.

Main Methods:

Qualitative analysis of historical famine events.

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Comparative study of famine outcomes in different regions (India, Bangladesh, Africa).

Review of socio-economic and political factors influencing food security.

Main Results:

Success in famine control demonstrated by India and Bangladesh.
Persistent famine challenges in Africa linked to civil unrest and resource limitations (personnel, institutions, infrastructure).
Government policy is a significant determinant in preventing widespread famine.

Conclusions:

General economic development and political consensus are essential for reducing Africa's vulnerability to famine.
Targeted foreign aid can significantly assist in mitigating famine.
Addressing underlying issues of resource scarcity and instability is key to long-term food security.