Photodynamic therapy for gastrointestinal tumors

Photodynamic therapy is based on the administration of a compound that is preferentially accumulated by a tumor and which causes tumor destruction after exposure to light of a specific wavelength. The photosensitizers most commonly used in treating tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are porphyrins--hematoporphyrin derivative and dihematoporphyrin ether. These compounds have been used with success to produce reduction in tumor size of esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. In some instances long-lasting complete remission have been observed after photodynamic therapy. New developments include photosensitizers that react to light of a longer wavelength, which is able to penetrate tissue to a greater depth, the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid, which is preferentially converted to porphyrin in malignant cells, and combination of photodynamic therapy with thermic laser, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy.