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Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form the...
The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

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Spinal Nerves: Anatomy

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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Warm Moxibustion and Scraping as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Cervical Spondylosis Treatment
04:28

Warm Moxibustion and Scraping as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Cervical Spondylosis Treatment

Published on: June 27, 2025

[Cervical spine and pain].

Ali Cimen1

  • 1Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Algology, Turkey. alicimen@istanbul.edu.tr

Agri : Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'Nin Yayin Organidir = the Journal of the Turkish Society of Algology
|September 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Chronic cervical spine pain is common and has various causes. This review covers anatomical factors, patient evaluation, and therapeutic strategies for common cervical pain conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Neurology
  • Pain Medicine

Context:

  • Cervical spine pain is a prevalent clinical issue with multifactorial etiologies.
  • The cervical spine's unique anatomical characteristics, including extensive mobility, predispose it to injury.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for effective pain management.

Purpose:

  • To review the anatomical properties of the cervical spine relevant to pain.
  • To outline the evaluation process for patients presenting with cervical pain.
  • To discuss common cervical spinal pain conditions and their therapeutic approaches.

Summary:

  • This review details the anatomical and clinical evaluation of cervical spine pain.
  • It explores diverse etiological factors contributing to chronic cervical pain.

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Warm Moxibustion and Scraping as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Cervical Spondylosis Treatment
04:28

Warm Moxibustion and Scraping as a Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy for Cervical Spondylosis Treatment

Published on: June 27, 2025

  • Therapeutic strategies for common cervical pain conditions are emphasized.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview for clinicians managing cervical pain.
    • Highlights the importance of anatomical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment.
    • Aims to improve patient outcomes through evidence-based therapeutic approaches.