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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

An ambiguous-race illusion in children's face memory.

Kristin Shutts1, Katherine D Kinzler

  • 1Harvard University, USA. shutts@fas.harvard.edu

Psychological Science
|September 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Children show better memory for ambiguous faces when they are presented as siblings of their own race. This suggests early development of race-based memory influenced by social context.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Cognition
  • Face Perception

Background:

  • Adults exhibit own-race bias in face memory, recalling own-race faces better than other-race faces.
  • This bias persists even when faces are visually identical, suggesting influence beyond pure visual cues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if similar own-race effects in face memory emerge early in childhood.
  • To explore the interplay of racial category, perceptual information, and social relationships in children's face memory.

Main Methods:

  • Young children from predominantly White environments viewed computer-generated White-Black morphed faces.
  • Morphed faces were paired with either the White or Black 'sibling' face used in their construction.
  • Children's subsequent recognition memory for the morphed faces was tested.

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Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

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Main Results:

  • Children demonstrated superior memory for ambiguous faces previously paired with White siblings compared to Black siblings.
  • This effect was not observed when ambiguous faces were paired with non-sibling, non-contributing White or Black faces.
  • Memory accuracy was higher for faces associated with same-race siblings.

Conclusions:

  • Children's face memory is not solely based on visual facial information.
  • Early childhood face memory is influenced by the interaction of racial category, perceptual cues, and relational context (e.g., sibling relationships).
  • Findings suggest the foundational development of own-race bias in face recognition is shaped by social and contextual factors.