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Related Experiment Videos

Programming the genome in embryonic and somatic stem cells.

Philippe Collas1, Agate Noer, Sanna Timoskainen

  • 1Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway. philippe.collas@medisin.uio.no

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|September 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary
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Stem cells self-renew and differentiate, a potential governed by gene expression. Epigenetic modifications control gene expression, defining the pluripotent state in stem cells.

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Stem cells, unlike terminally differentiated cells, possess self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capabilities.
  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiate into all body cell types, while somatic stem cells have a limited lifespan and differentiation potential.
  • Stem cell differentiation potential is linked to the expression of lineage-specification genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epigenetic mechanisms governing gene expression poised for transcription in undifferentiated stem cells.
  • To highlight how DNA methylation, histone modifications, and transcription factor binding map genome-wide.
  • To elucidate how these epigenetic marks define the pluripotent state.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide mapping of DNA methylation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of histone modifications across the genome.
  • Identification of transcription factor binding sites.

    • Main Results:

    • Epigenetic modifications significantly influence chromatin organization and gene expression potential.
    • These modifications affect not only specific genes but also global nuclear organization and DNA replication timing.
    • Combinatorial epigenetic marks on developmental and lineage-specifying genes are crucial for maintaining pluripotency.

    Conclusions:

    • Epigenetic mechanisms are central to controlling gene expression potential in stem cells.
    • The interplay of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and transcription factor binding defines the pluripotent state.
    • Understanding these epigenetic landscapes is key to stem cell biology and potential therapeutic applications.