Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Combining Computer Game-Based Behavioural Experiments With High-Density EEG and Infrared Gaze Tracking
Published on: December 16, 2010
Manipulating autonomy, competence, and relatedness support in a game-learning context: new evidence that all three
Kennon M Sheldon1, Vincent Filak
1Department of Psychology, 112 McAlester Hall, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. sheldonk@missouri.edu
Abstract:
Self-report correlational data support self-determination theory's (SDT's) postulate that there are three basic psychological needs, for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which combine additively to predict well-being and thriving. However, experimental research in the SDT tradition has focused only on autonomy support, not relatedness and competence support. To fill this gap, we employed a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design within a game-learning experience to predict rated need satisfaction, mood, and motivation, and also objective game performance. Manipulated competence and relatedness support had main effects on most outcomes. Rated competence, relatedness, and autonomy need satisfaction also predicted the outcomes, and the significant experimental main effects were all mediated by the corresponding rated variables. Neutral control group data showed that thwarting participants' needs is more impactful than enhancing them. These findings offer new support for key postulates of SDT, while integrating the correlational and experimental traditions in this area.
Related Concept Videos
Social Foundations of Self I: Play and Game
Ryan and Deci's Self-Determination Theory
Autonomy is the need to feel in control of one's actions and decisions. For example, a student who chooses their research topic is likely to be more engaged and motivated than one who is...
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other
Empathy
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
Self-Discrepancy Theory