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Carbon sequestration.

Rattan Lal1

  • 1Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. lal.1@osu.edu

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|September 1, 2007
PubMed
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Carbon sequestration technologies, including abiotic and biotic methods, are crucial for reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Both approaches offer complementary strategies to mitigate climate change risks.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Climate Change Mitigation
  • Carbon Cycle Research

Background:

  • Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, driven by annual emissions of 8.6 PgCyr-1 from various sectors, pose a significant twenty-first-century challenge.
  • Reducing global energy use, developing low-carbon fuels, and sequestering emissions are key strategies to address this issue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe processes for carbon (CO2) sequestration.
  • To discuss the viability and characteristics of both abiotic and biotic sequestration technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Abiotic techniques involve engineering methods like CO2 injection into oceans, geological strata, mines, oil wells, saline aquifers, and mineral carbonation.
  • Biotic techniques encompass natural, cost-effective processes with ancillary benefits.

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Main Results:

  • Abiotic sequestration offers vast potential (thousands of Pg) but is expensive, carries leakage risks, and may be available post-2025.
  • Biotic sequestration is immediately applicable, cost-effective, and offers additional benefits, but has a finite sink capacity.

Conclusions:

  • Both abiotic and biotic carbon sequestration methods have distinct niches and are complementary in mitigating climate change.
  • Integrating these diverse sequestration strategies is essential for effectively managing atmospheric CO2 levels.