Agricultural biosecurity.

Area of Science:

• Agricultural science
• Ecology
• Risk management

Background:

• Public interest in preventing new pest and disease introductions is growing, fueled by perceived increasing threats.
• Existing biosecurity systems for plants and animals, though historically distinct, are showing convergence.
• Current biosecurity faces challenges from shifting trade priorities, environmental concerns of invasions, and funding questions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze changing rates of biosecurity threats.
• To explore the convergence of traditional animal and plant biosecurity systems.
• To propose future directions for effective biosecurity strategies.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing evidence on biosecurity threats.
• Analysis of traditional and emerging biosecurity system structures.
• Exploration of bio-economic modeling for risk assessment.
• Consideration of technological advancements and private sector involvement.

Main Results:

• Evidence on changing biosecurity threat rates is currently equivocal.
• Bio-economic modeling is identified as a key tool for resource allocation.
• New technologies and private sector engagement will shape future biosecurity.
• Current systems are challenged by trade, environmental impacts, and funding.

Conclusions:

• Future biosecurity necessitates integrating plant and animal approaches with a proactive, risk-based framework.
• Enhanced international cooperation is vital to address threats at their origin.
• Shifting focus from "building walls" to building agroecosystem resilience against invasions is recommended.