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iPS Cell Differentiation

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.

Forced Transdifferentiation

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Pancreatic Beta-Cell Precursors in a 2D Culture System

Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Pancreatic Beta-Cell Precursors in a 2D Culture System

Published on: December 16, 2021

Enhanced oxygenation promotes beta-cell differentiation in vitro.

Christopher A Fraker¹, Silvia Alvarez, Panagiotis Papadopoulos

¹Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136, USA.

Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)

|September 1, 2007

Summary

Enhanced oxygen delivery significantly boosts beta-cell differentiation from stem cells in vitro. This breakthrough, using novel culture devices, improves beta-cell development for potential therapeutic applications.

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A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

Area of Science:

Stem cell biology
Endocrinology
Developmental biology

Background:

Differentiating stem/progenitor cells into functional beta cells for transplantation remains challenging.
In vitro culture systems lack the physiological complexity of in vivo microenvironments, particularly regarding oxygenation.
Beta cells have high oxygen requirements, making oxygen delivery a critical factor in their development.

Purpose of the Study:

To test if enhanced oxygen delivery via perfluorocarbon-based devices improves beta-cell differentiation from progenitor cells in vitro.
To investigate the role of physiological oxygen levels in beta-cell development.

Main Methods:

Utilized a mouse model of pancreatic development.
Employed novel perfluorocarbon-based culture devices for enhanced oxygen delivery.
Compared differentiation markers under physiological oxygenation versus conventional culture methods.

Main Results:

Physiological-like oxygen delivery significantly upregulated endocrine differentiation markers, including insulin (up to 30-fold).
The observed effect was comparable to in vivo controls.
Increasing environmental oxygen in conventional settings did not yield similar results.

Conclusions:

Enhanced oxygen delivery plays a crucial role in beta-cell differentiation from progenitor cells.
Perfluorocarbon-based culture devices show promise for improving in vitro islet differentiation.
Findings may lead to more efficient protocols for generating beta cells from embryonic and adult stem cells.