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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
Assessing Body Temperature - Oral01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Oral

Here are the steps to accurately measure oral temperature using an electronic thermometer:
Step 1:
Start by practicing proper hand hygiene to prevent the spread of microorganisms.
Step 2:
Take the thermometer out of the charging unit, switch it on, and wait for the ready sign.
Step 3:
Gently slide the probe cover until a click is heard. This simple action prevents cross-contamination and ensures the correct placement of the probe cover.
Step 4:
Instruct the patient to open their mouth and place...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management
06:43

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Published on: November 21, 2017

A model to predict patient temperature during cardiac surgery.

N M W Severens1, W D van Marken Lichtenbelt, A J H Frijns

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands. n.m.w.severens@tue.nl

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|September 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

A computer model simulating heat transfer during cardiac surgery was developed to understand and minimize post-operative core temperature drops (afterdrop). Forced-air warming proved more effective than other methods for improving patient recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physiology
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Core temperature drop after cardiac surgery impedes patient recovery.
  • Understanding thermoregulation during anesthesia is crucial for minimizing afterdrop.
  • Current knowledge on temperature distribution and thermoregulatory impairment is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a computer model simulating heat transfer during cardiac surgery.
  • To investigate the effect of different temperature protocols on afterdrop.
  • To provide insights for developing a patient-specific temperature management system.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a three-part computer model: passive heat transfer, active thermoregulation, and boundary condition submodels.
  • Validation of the model by comparing simulation results with experimental measurements from three surgical procedures.
  • Application of the model for a parameter study on various temperature protocols.

Main Results:

  • The computer model accurately simulated heat transfer, showing good resemblance to experimental data.
  • Forced-air heating demonstrated greater effectiveness in reducing afterdrop compared to increased environmental temperature or circulating water mattresses.
  • The model provides a platform for analyzing temperature dynamics during cardiac surgery.

Conclusions:

  • The developed computer model is a valid tool for studying heat transfer and temperature afterdrop in cardiac surgery.
  • Forced-air warming is a highly effective method for mitigating core temperature drop.
  • The model can potentially guide the development of decision support systems for intraoperative temperature management.