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Related Concept Videos

Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C (97–99°F), remaining relatively stable...
Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...

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Related Experiment Video

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Using a Thermal Camera to Measure Heat Loss Through Bird Feather Coats
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A basic step toward understanding skin surface temperature distributions caused by internal heat sources.

Zheng Wu1, Hui Helen Liu, Logan Lebanowski

  • 1Department of Physics and Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5005, USA.

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|September 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that skin surface temperature patterns are mainly determined by the depth of internal heat sources. This finding aids in identifying heat source characteristics from thermal imaging data.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Thermal Physiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Understanding internal heat sources is crucial for medical diagnostics.
  • Skin surface temperature distribution is influenced by physiological and environmental factors.
  • Current methods for identifying internal heat sources from thermography have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between skin surface temperature distributions and internal heat sources.
  • To determine how physiological and environmental conditions affect this relationship.
  • To establish a physical basis for inferring internal heat source properties from thermograms.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical solutions of a bio-heat transfer equation were employed.
  • Simulations were conducted under various physiological and environmental conditions.
  • Analysis focused on normalized skin surface temperature distributions.

Main Results:

  • Skin surface temperature distribution is influenced by all heat source parameters.
  • Normalized temperature distributions are primarily dependent on heat source depth.
  • A clear relationship between surface temperature patterns and heat source characteristics was identified.

Conclusions:

  • The depth of an internal heat source is the primary factor influencing normalized skin surface temperature.
  • This study provides a foundation for determining internal heat source depth and type using thermography.
  • The findings enhance the understanding of thermal signatures associated with internal heat sources.