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Related Concept Videos

Global Regulatory Systems01:28

Global Regulatory Systems

Global regulatory systems in bacteria enable rapid and coordinated responses to environmental changes by integrating sensory inputs with gene expression, ensuring efficient adaptation to fluctuating conditions. Key global regulatory mechanisms include regulons, two-component systems, sigma factors, and secondary messengers.Regulons and Global RegulatorsA regulon is a collection of genes and operons controlled by a common global regulator. These regulators enable bacteria to prioritize resource...
Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact01:03

Drug Control Governance: Regulatory Bodies and Their Impact

Drug control governance involves the oversight and regulation of pharmaceuticals to ensure their safety and efficacy while preventing illegal drug use and trafficking. Regulatory bodies, including the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union's European Medicines Agency (EMA), play a central role in this process. These agencies evaluate the safety and efficacy of drugs before they can be marketed. They fund clinical trials and assess the benefits and risks associated with a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...
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Drug Regulation

Drug regulation encompasses the management of drug usage by evaluating its safety and efficacy through assessments conducted by regulatory authorities. Regrettably, the history of drug regulation is marred by several catastrophic events. One such incident is the Elixir Sulfanilamide tragedy, in which the toxic compound diethyl glycol was included in a sweet-tasting medication, leading to numerous fatalities. This event prompted the enactment of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act in 1938. Under...

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Do we live in a largely top-down regulated world?

Karl Banse1

  • 1University of Washington, School of Oceanography, Seattle, Washington 98195-7940, USA. banse@ocean.washington.edu

Journal of Biosciences
|September 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The world

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Marine Biology
  • Conservation Science

Background:

  • Ecosystem regulation is often debated between bottom-up resource control and top-down trophic control.
  • Plant and animal growth are fundamentally supported by resource availability.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for ecological management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether ecosystems are primarily regulated by top-down forces (like predation) or bottom-up forces (resource availability).
  • To synthesize recent literature on ecological regulation for a public lecture.
  • To highlight the impact of human activities on ecosystems and the need for marine conservation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Analysis of examples demonstrating top-down effects (grazing, predation) in various ecosystems.

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  • Discussion of human impacts and conservation needs.

    • Main Results:

    • Evidence supports that ecosystems are largely regulated by top-down mechanisms.
    • Top-down regulation is dependent on, but distinct from, bottom-up resource production.
    • Examples from terrestrial, open sea, and coral reef ecosystems illustrate these findings.

    Conclusions:

    • Ecosystems are predominantly shaped by top-down ecological interactions.
    • Human-altered ecosystems necessitate urgent marine conservation efforts.
    • The interplay between bottom-up resource availability and top-down control is a key ecological principle.