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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

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Attention modulates responses to motion reversals in human visual cortex.

Matthew S Tata1, Aja L O Mason, Robert J Sutherland

  • 1The University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada. matthew.tata@uleth.ca

Neuroreport
|September 1, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Selective attention typically enhances brain responses. However, this study found that directing attention to stationary dots, rather than moving ones, unexpectedly amplified brain responses in visual cortex.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • Selective attention is known to modulate neural activity in the visual cortex.
  • Typically, attended stimuli elicit stronger brain responses than unattended stimuli, often measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or event-related potentials (ERPs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of selective attention on visual processing in an exceptional circumstance.
  • To examine brain responses during a motion-processing task where attention was directed to either stationary or moving visual elements.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed a visual task involving superimposed stationary and moving dots.
  • Attention was directed to either the stationary or moving dot subset.
  • Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded over posterior scalp sites to measure brain responses to changes in dot motion direction.

Main Results:

  • An event-related potential (ERP) with a prominent negative peak at 200 ms was observed over posterior scalp sites.
  • This ERP component was significantly larger when attention was directed towards the stationary dots compared to the moving dots.
  • The observed effect was localized to the extrastriate visual cortex.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents an exception to the common finding of attentional potentiation.
  • The enhanced response to attended stationary dots, despite unattended motion, suggests a role for reflexive attention mechanisms.
  • Unattended peripheral motion may trigger reflexive attention orienting, influencing neural processing in the extrastriate visual cortex.