Acute renal failure associated with rhabdomyolysis in acute Q Fever

The clinical presentation of Q fever is polymorphic and non-specific, and it may be presented as an acute or chronic disease. Renal complications of acute Q fever such as acute glomerulonephritis are not uncommon. Acute renal failure induced by rhabdomyolysis in acute Q fever has until now never been reported in the literature. We presented a case of acute Q fever associated by extreme rhabdomyolysis and consecutive acute renal failure. A male patient was treated with doxycycline and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. After two weeks of treatment, the patient completely recovered kidney function, and there were no clinical abnormalities. Acute Q fever must be considered as a possible cause of rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. The continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration may be effective, and it seems to be the treatment of choice in severe rhabdomyolysis and consecutive acute renal failure.