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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more similar...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...
Esophagus01:24

Esophagus

The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
The movement of edibles from the pharynx into the esophagus is facilitated by the upper esophageal sphincter, which is formed primarily by the...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol abuse, or...

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Squamous cell carcinoma antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen monitoring during post-definitive chemoradiotherapy surveillance for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: JCOG2106A.

Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus·2026
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Clinical diagnostic accuracy and lymph node metastasis patterns in clinical T1bN0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a supplementary analysis of JCOG1409.

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Identification of patients at risk for poor survival among those with normal skeletal muscle mass: a multicenter retrospective validation study in gastric cancer.

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Risks and Benefits of Feeding Enterostomy Creation During Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: A Propensity-Weighted Analysis Using the Japanese National Clinical Database.

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Alcohol Consumption Is a Risk Factor of Surgical Site Infection After Minimally Invasive Surgery: A Secondary Observational Analysis of a Clinical Trial.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Electromagnetic Navigation Transthoracic Nodule Localization for Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery
07:30

Electromagnetic Navigation Transthoracic Nodule Localization for Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery

Published on: May 4, 2022

[Sentinel node navigation for esophageal cancer].

Hiroya Takeuchi1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.

Kyobu Geka. the Japanese Journal of Thoracic Surgery
|September 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

A new radio-guided method effectively detects sentinel nodes (SNs) in esophageal cancer, even in unusual locations. This technique aids in precise staging and personalized treatment for early-stage esophageal cancer patients.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Nuclear Medicine

Context:

  • Esophageal cancer presents unique lymphatic drainage patterns.
  • Sentinel nodes (SNs) in esophageal cancer are often numerous and spread widely.
  • Traditional staging may miss metastases in compartments considered "skip metastases".

Purpose:

  • To establish and evaluate a radio-guided method for sentinel node (SN) detection in esophageal cancer.
  • To assess the distribution and significance of SNs in esophageal cancer staging.
  • To explore the potential of SN navigation surgery for personalized treatment.

Summary:

  • A radio-guided technique for detecting sentinel nodes (SNs) in esophageal cancer has been developed.
  • SNs in esophageal cancer are frequently found in the 2nd and 3rd lymph node compartments, areas previously associated with "skip metastases".

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Low-Cost Single-Port (LoCoSP) Device for a Transcervical Approach in Minimally Invasive Transhiatal Esophagectomy
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Low-Cost Single-Port (LoCoSP) Device for a Transcervical Approach in Minimally Invasive Transhiatal Esophagectomy

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Electromagnetic Navigation Transthoracic Nodule Localization for Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery
07:30

Electromagnetic Navigation Transthoracic Nodule Localization for Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery

Published on: May 4, 2022

Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy
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Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping and Biopsy for Endometrial Cancer at Early Stage with Laparoscopy

Published on: August 19, 2021

Low-Cost Single-Port (LoCoSP) Device for a Transcervical Approach in Minimally Invasive Transhiatal Esophagectomy
09:04

Low-Cost Single-Port (LoCoSP) Device for a Transcervical Approach in Minimally Invasive Transhiatal Esophagectomy

Published on: September 11, 2021

  • This distribution is linked to the esophagus's complex, multi-directional lymphatic drainage.

    • Impact:

    • The radio-guided SN detection method offers improved accuracy in staging esophageal cancer.
    • Sentinel node navigation surgery can guide individualized multimodal therapy for cT1N0 esophageal cancer.
    • This approach may enhance treatment efficacy and patient outcomes by targeting relevant lymph node regions.