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Person perception is influenced by both external behaviors and the observer’s internal characteristics, including personality traits. Individuals with dark personality traits, comprising psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism — collectively known as the dark triad – exhibit manipulative and exploitative tendencies in social contexts. These traits affect how they perceive others and how they are perceived.The Role of Dark Personality Traits in Person PerceptionBlack et...
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The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
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Defining Psychology01:24

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Psychology is the scientific discipline dedicated to understanding both observable behavior and the internal mental processes underlying such behavior. It aims to comprehend human nature and apply this understanding to solve practical problems, enhance well-being, and improve societal outcomes. An example of psychology's application is the study of prosocial behavior, such as why and under what conditions individuals might help strangers in need. This process involves describing observed...
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[On suggestion and its related problems].

Seishin shinkeigaku zasshi = Psychiatria et neurologia Japonicaยท2013
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[On the temporality of delusional perception].

Seishin shinkeigaku zasshi = Psychiatria et neurologia Japonicaยท2011
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
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[Psychopathology on "as if" experience and statement].

Kazutaro Oka1

  • 1Momijigaoka Hospital.

Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi = Psychiatria Et Neurologia Japonica
|September 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study explores the "as if" experience in obsessive-compulsive disorder, linking it to subjective appearance. Understanding this distinction between reality and appearance is crucial for psychiatric conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Phenomenology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The psychopathology of "as if" experiences, or "Als ob Erlebnis," is explored within psychiatric literature.
  • This study focuses on a single obsessive-compulsive patient to analyze the
  • The concept of

Observation:

  • A specific experiential field, termed "appearance" (what seems to a person), was identified.
  • The psychopathology of "as if" is closely associated with this subjective sense of appearance.
  • Individuals are certain of their subjective appearances, similar to delusional certainty, as they are not subject to external correction.

Findings:

  • The study highlights the confusion between reality and appearance in daily life and in psychiatric conditions.

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  • Obsessive-compulsive patients avoid customary confusions between reality and appearance.
  • Delusional patients fail to differentiate between reality and appearance, even when confronted with others' perspectives.

    • Implications:

    • Analyzing the uniqueness of appearance offers insights into the nature of delusion.
    • The findings suggest a need to differentiate subjective appearance from objective reality in psychiatric assessment.
    • Understanding the
    • as if