Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 12, 2026

How to Obtain Reliable Visual Event-related Potentials in Newborns
Published on: October 24, 2019
[Sleep of 4-month-old infants: bedtime, night waking and sleep problems]
Junko Hayama1, Yoshiko Adachi, Noriko Nishino
1Institute of Behavioral Health.
Insights
Late bedtimes and frequent night waking are common in 4-month-old Japanese infants, potentially indicating delayed circadian rhythm development. These sleep issues were more prevalent in infants who woke during the night, though growth was unaffected.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Sleep Medicine
- Infant Development
- Circadian Rhythms
Context:
- Japanese infants exhibit increasingly late bedtimes, raising concerns about potential negative impacts on growth and development.
- Understanding infant sleep patterns is crucial for early identification of potential issues.
Purpose:
- To investigate the prevalence of late bedtimes and night waking in 4-month-old infants in Fukuoka City.
- To examine the relationship between night waking and other sleep problems in this population.
Summary:
- A study of 194 mother-infant pairs found 69.4% of infants had bedtimes at or after 10 p.m., with 57.2% experiencing night waking.
- Infants who woke during the night (Waking Group) had more sleep problems, including difficulty settling and irregular bedtimes, compared to those who slept through.
- No significant differences in infant height or weight were observed between the groups.
Impact:
- The findings highlight late bedtime and night waking as characteristic of infant sleep in Fukuoka City.
- Night waking may be an indicator of delayed circadian rhythm development in infants.
- This research provides insights for pediatricians and parents regarding infant sleep disturbances.
Background And Objectives:
Recently, Japanese infant's bedtime has become late and it is reported that this might have a bad influence on infant's growth. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the actual situation and interrelationships between night waking and other sleep problems in Japanese 4-month -old infant.
Methods:
The subjects were 194 mothers and infants who participated in health checkups at four months after delivery in Fukuoka City. The questionnaire consisted of 3 components: 1) infant's and mother's sleep practices and sleep problems; 2) coping behavior for infant's sleep; 3) perceptions of child-care and maternal health. Their responses were linked to health checkup's results. The subjects were divided into two groups; Waking Group (n = 111) who was wakening one or more times from 0-6 a.m. and Sleeping Group (n = 83) who was sleeping throughout the night. The proportion of Waking Group was constituted 57.2% in all infants. Infant's growth, sleep, and sleep problems were compared between two groups.
Results:
The mean infant's bedtime was 10:28 p.m., and the proportion of infants reported to go to bed at 10 p.m. or later was 69.4%. The proportion of infants with irregular bedtimes was 16.5%. Twenty-eight point six percent of infants had sleep problems like difficulty settling, severe night waking and were suspected to be high risk of sleep disorders. Infants in the Waking Group were found to have more numbers of sleep problems than in the Sleeping Group. The proportion with difficulty settling was higher in the Waking Group. Additionally, the proportion with irregular bedtimes was higher in the Waking Group. However, infant's height and weight did not significantly differ between two groups.
Conclusions:
Late bedtime and high proportion of night waking in 4-month-old infants were found to be characteristic in Fukuoka city. There is a possibility that night waking reflects delayed development of circadian rhythms.
Related Concept Videos
Sleep-Wake Cycles
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Nightmares and Night Terrors
Nightmares often...
Stages of Sleep
Before sleep begins, in wakefulness, the brain exhibits primarily beta waves, which are high in frequency and low in amplitude, indicating alertness...
Insomnia
Multiple factors contribute...
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
RBD is significantly associated with...
Sleepwalking and Sleep Talking
Factors that increase the likelihood of sleepwalking include sleep deprivation and alcohol consumption. Contrary to common beliefs, it is safe...

