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Depression and osteoporosis: epidemiology and potential mediating pathways
B Mezuk1, W W Eaton, S H Golden
1Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway Suite 886, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. bmezuk@jhsph.edu
Summary
Depression is linked to lower bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk in older adults. Further research is needed to understand these complex relationships and identify interventions.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Psychiatry
- Orthopedics
Background:
- The link between depression and bone mineral density (BMD) is under investigation.
- Growing evidence suggests depression elevates fracture risk in older adults.
- This review examines the epidemiological evidence for depression, low BMD, and fracture comorbidity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current epidemiological evidence on the comorbidity of depression, low bone mineral density, and fracture.
- To discuss potential mediating and confounding factors in these relationships.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of depression, depressive symptoms, low BMD, osteoporosis, and fracture.
- Utilized electronic databases for study selection.
Main Results:
- Reviewed 20 studies on depression and BMD; 5 studies on depression and fractures.
- Discussed potential physiological and behavioral mediating mechanisms.
- Considered confounding influences like medication use.
Conclusions:
- Most studies indicate depression is associated with increased risk of low BMD and fractures.
- Variations in study design complicate direct comparisons.
- Future research should explore mediating pathways and intervention targets.
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