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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Façade-Level Monitoring of CO2 Variability under Urban Heat Island Conditions using Low-Cost Sensor Data Loggers
Published on: December 12, 2025
Design and construction of microclimate monitoring system
Caspah Kamunda1, Xavier Francis Carelse, Manny Mathuthu
1Electronics and Communications Institute, Scientific and Industrial Research and Development Centre, Haticliffe, Harare, Zimbabwe. ckamunda@sirdc.ac.zw
Abstract:
A portable and user-friendly weather monitoring system based on the PIC16F876 microcontroller is described. This instrument measures three parameters: temperature in the range from -10 to +70 degrees C within +/-1 degrees C using an LM335 temperature sensor, wind speed from 0 to 10 m/s within +/-0.1 m/s using a heated bead thermistor, and solar radiation from 0 to 1000 W/m(2) within +/-10 W/m(2) using a solar cell. These variables are displayed digitally, one at a time, with a 5 s separation. The values are stored on EEPROM at 2 min intervals. The instrument is intended for use in agriculture and for educational purposes.

