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Neuroendocrine features in extreme longevity.

E Ferrari1, L Cravello, F Falvo

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, Geriatrics Unit, University of Pavia, Via Emilia 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy. ettofer@libero.it <ettofer@libero.it>

Experimental Gerontology
|September 4, 2007
PubMed
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Aging impacts neuro-endocrine function, with centenarians showing lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and maintained melatonin rhythms. These findings suggest potential factors contributing to successful aging and longevity.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Endocrinology
  • Neuroendocrinology of Aging

Background:

  • Aging is associated with significant neuro-endocrine system alterations.
  • Understanding hormonal changes across different age groups, including centenarians, is crucial for aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate adrenal, thyroid, and pineal gland secretions in young, old, and centenarian individuals.
  • To evaluate age-related changes in key hormones like cortisol, DHEAS, thyroid hormones, TSH, and melatonin.

Main Methods:

  • Serum levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroxine (FT4), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured.
  • Urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate (aMT6s) and free cortisol were assessed twice daily.
  • Hormonal profiles were compared across young, old, and centenarian cohorts.

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Main Results:

  • Centenarians displayed lower TSH and slightly higher rT3 levels compared to old controls, potentially indicating reduced 5'-deiodinase activity.
  • Serum dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) levels declined significantly with age, while morning cortisol remained stable.
  • Urinary free cortisol and aMT6s excretion decreased with age, but the circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion was preserved in centenarians.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights distinct neuro-endocrine profiles in centenarians, including preserved melatonin circadian rhythm, which may contribute to successful aging.
  • Age-related decline in DHEAS and potential alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism are observed.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of these neuro-endocrine factors in longevity.