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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the gastrointestinal...
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs through the...
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more effectively...
Burn Injuries01:22

Burn Injuries

Burn injuries occur when the skin and underlying tissues are damaged due to exposure to heat, electricity, chemicals, radiation, or friction. They can vary in severity, from minor superficial burns to severe deep burns that can be life-threatening.
The damage results in the death of skin cells, which can lead to a massive loss of fluid. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and renal and circulatory failure follow, which can be fatal. Burn patients are treated with intravenous fluids to offset...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Development of an Economical DNA Delivery System by "Acufection" and its Application to Skin Research
09:42

Development of an Economical DNA Delivery System by "Acufection" and its Application to Skin Research

Published on: April 19, 2017

Cutaneous gene delivery.

Yasushi Kikuchi1, Katsuto Tamai, Yasufumi Kaneda

  • 1Division of Gene Therapy Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.

Journal of Dermatological Science
|September 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Gene therapy aims to efficiently transfer genes into skin keratinocytes for treating genetic skin disorders. Research focuses on stable expression and overcoming immune responses for lasting therapeutic effects.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetic Engineering

Background:

  • Gene transfer methods for skin conditions have been explored for over a decade.
  • Existing approaches often target genodermatoses but yield insufficient results.
  • Challenges include achieving easy, efficient, and stable gene transfer into keratinocytes, particularly stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for transferring therapeutic genes into skin keratinocytes.
  • To discuss strategies for improving gene transfer efficiency.
  • To highlight the role of skin barrier function and stem cell knowledge in advancing keratinocyte gene therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing gene transfer techniques for skin.
  • Analysis of factors influencing transgene expression stability and immune response.

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Murine Full-thickness Skin Transplantation

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Development of an Economical DNA Delivery System by "Acufection" and its Application to Skin Research
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  • Integration of tissue engineering and stem cell biology insights.

    • Main Results:

    • Gene therapy for skin conditions faces challenges including efficiency, stability, and immune reactions.
    • Setbacks in related fields like X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (X-SCID) have provided valuable lessons.
    • Advancements in stem cell knowledge and tissue engineering offer new therapeutic avenues.

    Conclusions:

    • Efficient and stable gene transfer into keratinocytes is crucial for treating genodermatoses.
    • Overcoming immune responses and optimizing skin barrier disruption are key challenges.
    • Future prospects involve leveraging stem cell research and tissue engineering for effective, long-lasting keratinocyte gene therapy.