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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
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Poliomyelitis

Poliomyelitis is caused by poliovirus, a small, non-enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family and Enterovirus genus. Transmission occurs primarily via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food. The virus initially replicates in the oropharynx and intestinal mucosa, particularly in lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and regional lymph nodes. Primary viremia follows, allowing dissemination throughout the body.In most...
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
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Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Palpation01:24

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Palpation

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract is critical in identifying potential health issues. One key component of this assessment is palpation, a technique healthcare providers use to assess the body for abnormalities. This content explores the method of palpation in evaluating the respiratory tract, focusing on thoracic palpation and tactile fremitus.
Thoracic Palpation
Thoracic palpation detects tenderness, masses, lesions, respiratory excursions, and vocal fremitus. The nurse assesses...

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An Implantable System For Chronic In Vivo Electromyography
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An Implantable System For Chronic In Vivo Electromyography

Published on: April 21, 2020

Vocal fold paresis and paralysis.

Adam D Rubin1, Robert T Sataloff

  • 1Lakeshore Professional Voice Center, Lakeshore Ear Nose and Throat Center, 21000 East 12 Mile, Suite 111, St. Clair Shores, MI 48081, USA.

Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America
|September 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing and treating vocal fold immobility, often caused by nerve injury, requires careful evaluation. Physicians must rule out mechanical causes before confirming vocal fold paresis or paralysis.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Immobile or hypomobile vocal folds present diagnostic and treatment challenges for otolaryngologists.
  • Vocal fold paralysis/paresis stems from denervation due to laryngeal or vagus nerve injury.
  • Impairments can be unilateral or bilateral, involving the recurrent laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve, or both.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic process for vocal fold immobility.
  • To emphasize the importance of differentiating true paralysis/paresis from mechanical causes.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnostic tools include strobovideolaryngoscopy, endoscopy, and radiologic/laboratory studies.
  • Electromyography is a valuable tool for assessing laryngeal nerve function.
  • Differential diagnosis must exclude mechanical issues like arytenoid dislocation or arthritis.

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Main Results:

  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment planning.
  • Identifying the precise cause (denervation vs. mechanical) guides therapeutic decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Confirming vocal fold paralysis or paresis requires excluding mechanical laryngeal pathologies.
  • A comprehensive diagnostic approach utilizing various tools is essential for otolaryngologists.