Role of charge suppression and ionic strength in free zone electrophoresis of proteins

The free zone electrophoretic mobility of proteins can be predicted from the protein's amino acid content by applying a model based on the Debye-Hückle-Henry theory and Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Calculated mobilities are always greater than actual mobility but a pH-independent proportionality (described by the constant FZ) is found between the two. Thus, determination of a protein's mobility at one pH allows, with the use of the model and FZ, calculation of its mobility at other pH conditions. This leads directly to optimum conditions for the electrophoretic resolution of proteins in capillary zone electrophoresis. The fundamental nature of FZ is examined and found to be a function of a proteins molecular weight, charge, and solution ionic strength. This work aids in explaining the form of previously proposed empirically based equations for peptide and protein mobility.