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Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation
07:15

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation

Published on: December 5, 2025

Standard preoxygenation vs two techniques in children

Bruno Chiron1, Christophe Mas, Martine Ferrandière

  • 1Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Centre Pédiatrique Gatien-de-Clocheville CHRU de Tours, Tours, France. b.chiron@voila.fr

Paediatric Anaesthesia
|September 5, 2007
PubMed

Insights

Tidal volume breathing for 3 minutes is the most effective preoxygenation method for children, achieving 90% expired oxygen concentration faster than other techniques. This study evaluated fractional expired oxygen concentration (F(ET)O(2)) to compare methods.

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Preoxygenation is crucial in pediatric anesthesia but lacks thorough assessment.
  • Fractional expired oxygen concentration (F(ET)O(2)) serves as a key monitor for preoxygenation effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prospectively compare three distinct preoxygenation techniques in children.
  • To measure and compare the F(ET)O(2) achieved by each technique.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty children (aged 6-15 years) participated in the study.
  • F(ET)O(2) was measured during three randomized preoxygenation methods: tidal volume breathing (TV x 3 min), four deep breaths (4 DB), and eight deep breaths (8 DB).
  • Baseline F(ET)O(2) was recorded, and measurements were taken after 3 minutes of each technique.

Main Results:

  • Tidal volume breathing for 3 minutes (TV x 3 min) achieved F(ET)O(2) ≥ 90% in 79% of cases within 74 seconds.
  • The four deep breaths (4 DB) technique achieved F(ET)O(2) ≥ 90% in only 11% of cases.
  • The eight deep breaths (8 DB) technique achieved F(ET)O(2) ≥ 90% in 68% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • Tidal volume breathing for 3 minutes is the most efficient preoxygenation technique in children.
  • This method reliably achieves the target F(ET)O(2) of ≥ 90%.
Abstract

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