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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

Published on: June 17, 2025

Oral mucosal diseases: erythema multiforme.

Crispian Scully¹, Jose Bagan

¹University College London, Eastman Dental Institute, UK. cscully@eastman.ucl.ac.uk

The British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery

|September 5, 2007

Summary

Erythema multiforme (EM) is a rare hypersensitivity reaction affecting skin and mucous membranes, often triggered by herpes simplex virus (HSV) or drugs. Treatment focuses on avoiding triggers and managing severe cases with corticosteroids.

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Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Published on: May 28, 2013

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Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid

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Published on: June 17, 2025

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Published on: May 28, 2013

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Immunology
Pathology

Background:

Erythema multiforme (EM) is an acute mucocutaneous condition.
It results from a hypersensitivity reaction involving cytotoxic T lymphocytes inducing keratinocyte apoptosis and necrosis.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and drug reactions are common triggers.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the understanding of Erythema multiforme (EM).
To describe its variants, triggers, and clinical presentation.
To discuss current treatment approaches and controversies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on Erythema multiforme (EM).
Classification of EM variants (minor, major, Stevens-Johnson syndrome).
Discussion of precipitating factors and therapeutic interventions.

Main Results:

EM presents with characteristic target lesions and mucosal involvement.
EM minor typically affects one mucosa with skin lesions.
EM major involves multiple mucous membranes, with Stevens-Johnson syndrome being a severe variant.

Conclusions:

EM is a complex condition with varied presentations and triggers.
Management involves trigger avoidance and supportive care.
Corticosteroids may be indicated for severe EM cases, though evidence is limited.