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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources01:13

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Radiation and Light Sources

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) relies on the Beer-Lambert law, which requires that the radiation source emits a narrow range of wavelengths to match the absorption characteristics of the analyte atom. The primary criteria for choosing an appropriate radiation source in AAS is to provide a precise and intense emission at specific wavelengths that will allow accurate detection of the analyte.
Two common narrow-range 'line' sources used in AAS are hollow-cathode lamps (HCLs) and...
Detection of Black Holes01:10

Detection of Black Holes

Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Types of Radioactivity03:23

Types of Radioactivity

The most common types of radioactivity are α decay, β decay, γ decay, neutron emission, and electron capture.
Alpha (α) decay is the emission of an α particle from the nucleus. For example, polonium-210 undergoes α decay:
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera
06:28

Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera

Published on: January 30, 2020

ASTRONOMY: A New Source of Gamma Rays.

R P Fender

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |September 5, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    Relativistic jets, streams of high-energy electrons, are found not only in distant galaxies but also from smaller, local X-ray binaries. These smaller sources may significantly contribute to high-energy particle production in our galaxy.

    Area of Science:

    • Astrophysics
    • High-energy astrophysics
    • Plasma physics

    Background:

    • Relativistic jets are collimated outflows of high-energy electrons originating from supermassive black holes in distant radio galaxies.
    • These jets emit synchrotron radiation at radio wavelengths and travel at near light speeds.
    • The origin and prevalence of such jets in smaller, local astrophysical sources remain an area of active research.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the potential for relativistic jet production in smaller, local astrophysical sources.
    • To explore the association between X-ray binaries and high-energy photon sources.
    • To assess the contribution of these smaller sources to galactic high-energy particle and photon production.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of observational data, including X-ray and gamma-ray observations.

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    A Basic Positron Emission Tomography System Constructed to Locate a Radioactive Source in a Bi-dimensional Space
    14:19

    A Basic Positron Emission Tomography System Constructed to Locate a Radioactive Source in a Bi-dimensional Space

    Published on: February 1, 2016

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera
    06:28

    Visualization of Low-Level Gamma Radiation Sources Using a Low-Cost, High-Sensitivity, Omnidirectional Compton Camera

    Published on: January 30, 2020

    Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface
    06:14

    Simulating Imaging of Large Scale Radio Arrays on the Lunar Surface

    Published on: July 30, 2020

    A Basic Positron Emission Tomography System Constructed to Locate a Radioactive Source in a Bi-dimensional Space
    14:19

    A Basic Positron Emission Tomography System Constructed to Locate a Radioactive Source in a Bi-dimensional Space

    Published on: February 1, 2016

  • Comparison of source properties with known characteristics of relativistic jets.
  • Correlation studies between different types of celestial objects.
  • Main Results:

    • Data suggests an association between a faint X-ray binary and a gamma-ray source.
    • This finding indicates that smaller, local sources can produce relativistic outflows.
    • These sources may be significant contributors to the galactic high-energy particle and photon budget.

    Conclusions:

    • Relativistic jets are not exclusive to supermassive black holes in distant galaxies.
    • X-ray binaries represent a class of local sources capable of producing relativistic jets.
    • Further research on these systems is crucial for understanding high-energy phenomena in our galaxy.