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Related Concept Videos

Deindividuation00:57

Deindividuation

Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
Ordinal Level of Measurement00:55

Ordinal Level of Measurement

The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of measurement. For analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
Data measured using an ordinal scale are similar to nominal scale data, but there is one major difference. The ordinal scale data can be ordered. An example of ordinal scale data is a list of the top five national parks in the...
Interval Level of Measurement00:55

Interval Level of Measurement

For effective statistical analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
Data measured using the interval scale are similar to ordinal level data because they have a definite arrangement. However, in the interval level of measurement, the differences between data values are meaningful even though the data does not have a starting point.
Temperature is measured using the interval scale. It is measurable data, and the difference between the...
z Scores and Unusual Values01:07

z Scores and Unusual Values

The z score is one of the three measures of relative standing. It describes the location of a value in a dataset relative to the mean. z scores are obtained after the standardization of the values in a dataset. The z score for the mean is 0.
 This score indicates how far a value is from the mean in terms of standard deviation. For example, if a data value has a z score of +1, the researcher can infer that the particular data value is one standard deviation above the mean. If another data value...
Unusual Results01:16

Unusual Results

Unusual results are those that have a very low chance of occurring. Unusual results can be identified using probabilities and the range rule of thumb. In problems involving probability, unusual results can be observed in 2 instances – an unusually high number of successes or an unusually low number of successes.
According to the range rule of thumb, any value above or below two standard deviations, 2σ  from the mean, μ  is considered unusual.
Maximum unusual value = μ + 2σ
Minimum unusual value...
Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II01:17

Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II

The Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, commonly referred to as the runs test, is a nonparametric test used to assess the randomness of ordered data. The test evaluates the number of runs, which are consecutive sequences of similar elements within the data. If the number of runs is significantly higher or lower than expected, the data is considered non-random, indicating a detectable pattern or structure.
For binary data, runs are identified using symbols such as + and −, or equivalently, 1s and 0s. In...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice
08:35

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

Published on: January 22, 2016

Strange behavior at one dimension.

D Normile

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |September 5, 2007
    PubMed
    Summary

    Physicist Kunio Takayanagi calculated that electrons travel much faster through 1-nanometer gold wires. These novel nano-scale wires could enable the development of next-generation supercomputers.

    Area of Science:

    • Physics
    • Materials Science
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Conventional electronic components face limitations in speed and efficiency.
    • The development of novel conductive materials is crucial for advancing computing power.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate electron transport properties in nanoscale gold wires.
    • To explore the potential of 1-nanometer gold wires for future electronic applications.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of 1-nanometer gold wires.
    • Theoretical calculation of electron speeds through wires of varying diameters.

    Main Results:

    • Electrons exhibit significantly higher speeds in 1-nanometer gold wires compared to larger wires.

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  • Calculated speeds are several orders of magnitude greater than in conventional conductors.

    • Conclusions:

    • 1-nanometer gold wires demonstrate potential for ultra-fast electron transport.
    • These findings could pave the way for the creation of faster supercomputers and advanced electronic circuits.