Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic CompoundsIonic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions with...
Ionic Bonds00:42

Ionic Bonds

When atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve a more stable electron configuration they form ions. Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between ions with opposite charges. Ionic compounds are rigid and brittle when solid and may dissociate into their constituent ions in water. Covalent compounds, by contrast, remain intact unless a chemical reaction breaks them.Opposing Charges Hold Ions Together in Ionic CompoundsIonic bonds are reversible electrostatic interactions between ions with...
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature03:34

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Laryngotracheal and pharyngoesophageal traumatic injuries from US military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, 2003-2017.

BMJ military health·2021
Same author

Structure of intercalated Cs in zeolite ITQ-4: an array of metal ions and correlated electrons confined in a pseudo-1D nanoporous host.

Physical review letters·2002
Same author

The state bonus to reward a decrease in 'illegitimacy': flawed methods and questionable effects.

Family planning perspectives·1999
Same author

Magnetic state of the alpha 3 center of cytochrome c oxidase and some of its derivatives.

Biochemistry·1991
Same author

Tryptophanase from Escherichia coli B/1t7-A.

Methods in enzymology·1987
Same author

The use of principal component analysis to resolve the spectra and kinetics of cytochrome c oxidase reduction by 5,10-dihydro-5-methyl phenazine.

Biophysical journal·1985

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Electrides: ionic salts with electrons as the anions.

J L Dye

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 9, 1990
    PubMed
    Summary

    Electrides, ionic compounds with trapped electrons, exhibit diverse structures and conductivities. One type shows localized electrons and low conductivity, while another features paired electrons and high conductivity.

    Area of Science:

    • Solid-state chemistry
    • Materials science
    • Quantum chemistry

    Background:

    • Electrides are ionic compounds featuring alkali metal cations complexed by crown ethers or cryptands.
    • Trapped electrons serve as counterions, leading to unique electronic properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the structural and electronic diversity of electrides.
    • To correlate crystal structure with electrical conductivity in different electride compounds.

    Main Methods:

    • Synthesis and characterization of two distinct electride compounds: Cs(+) (18-crown-6)(z)e(-) and K(+) (cryptand[2.2.2])e(-).
    • Analysis of crystal structures to understand electron localization and trapping mechanisms.
    • Measurement of electrical conductivity and determination of activation energies.

    More Related Videos

    Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
    11:04

    Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

    Published on: December 20, 2016

    Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
    10:42

    Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

    Published on: December 29, 2016

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
    10:03

    Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

    Published on: November 11, 2013

    Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
    11:04

    Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

    Published on: December 20, 2016

    Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)
    10:42

    Combining Solid-state and Solution-based Techniques: Synthesis and Reactivity of Chalcogenidoplumbates(II or IV)

    Published on: December 29, 2016

    Main Results:

    • Cs(+) (18-crown-6)(z)e(-) exhibits isolated, localized electrons with low conductivity (activation energy >= 0.45 eV).
    • K(+) (cryptand[2.2.2])e(-) shows electron pairs trapped in a cavity, with a thermally accessible paramagnetic state, resulting in high conductivity (activation energy = 0.02 eV).

    Conclusions:

    • The structural environment significantly influences electron localization and conductivity in electrides.
    • Electrides present a versatile class of materials with tunable electronic properties based on their unique structure.