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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment
06:42

Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment

Published on: July 22, 2019

Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry.

R J Gibbs

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |December 4, 1970
    PubMed
    Summary

    Three key processes govern global surface water chemistry: atmospheric precipitation, rock weathering, and evaporation-crystallization. Analytical data from diverse water bodies reveal these dominant factors influencing water composition worldwide.

    Area of Science:

    • Geochemistry
    • Environmental Science
    • Hydrology

    Background:

    • Surface water chemistry is influenced by complex interactions between atmospheric, geological, and hydrological processes.
    • Understanding these controls is crucial for managing water resources and interpreting Earth's chemical cycles.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify and define the primary mechanisms controlling global surface water chemistry.
    • To provide a framework for understanding variations in the chemical composition of rain, rivers, lakes, and oceans.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of extensive chemical data from a wide range of global surface water samples.
    • Statistical and comparative analysis to identify dominant chemical control processes.

    Main Results:

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    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

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    Monitoring Pedogenic Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Due to Weathering of Amended Silicate Minerals in Agricultural Soils.
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    • Identified atmospheric precipitation as a significant input controlling surface water chemistry.
    • Determined rock dominance (weathering) as a major source of dissolved ions in surface waters.
    • Established the evaporation-crystallization process as a key factor influencing the chemistry of more evolved waters.

    Conclusions:

    • Global surface water chemistry is primarily controlled by three major processes: atmospheric precipitation, rock weathering, and evaporation-crystallization.
    • These mechanisms provide a fundamental understanding of water composition across diverse aquatic environments.
    • The findings offer a basis for further research into specific regional water chemistry variations.