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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Seed Plants03:40

Introduction to Seed Plants

Most plants are seed plants—characterized by seeds, pollen, and reduced gametophytes. Seed plants include gymnosperms and angiosperms.
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Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
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Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
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The Angiosperm Life Cycle

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Non-radioactive in situ Hybridization Protocol Applicable for Norway Spruce and a Range of Plant Species
11:56

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Published on: April 17, 2009

Apical dichotomy demonstrated in the angiosperm flagellaria.

P B Tomlinson, U Posluszny

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |June 3, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study demonstrates that dichotomous branching in angiosperm vegetative apices is a normal developmental process. This finding opens avenues for experimental research into this rare botanical phenomenon.

    Area of Science:

    • Plant developmental biology
    • Morphogenesis
    • Angiosperm vegetative growth

    Background:

    • Previous morphological suspicions of dichotomous branching in angiosperm vegetative apices.
    • Lack of definitive evidence for this developmental pattern.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate the occurrence of dichotomous branching in angiosperm vegetative apices.
    • To investigate the developmental continuity of this phenomenon.

    Main Methods:

    • External observation of whole vegetative apices.
    • Histological examination of apex tissues.

    Main Results:

    • External and histological evidence confirms dichotomous branching as a normal feature.
    • Demonstrated complete growth continuity from simple to bifurcated states.

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    Conclusions:

    • Dichotomous branching is a normal developmental feature in the studied angiosperm vegetative apex.
    • The accessibility of this phenomenon facilitates future experimental studies.