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Related Concept Videos

Glassware Calibration01:11

Glassware Calibration

Accurate calibration of glassware, such as volumetric flasks, pipettes, and burettes, is essential to ensure accurate measurements in the analytical laboratory. Calibration helps maintain consistency across measurements and prevents errors arising from inaccurate volumes.
Volumetric flasks: Volumetric flasks are designed to prepare aqueous solutions of precise volumes accurately with a calibration line on the neck. To calibrate a volumetric flask, it is important to fill it with distilled...
Volatilization01:10

Volatilization

Volatilization gravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the mass lost due to the volatilization of the substance. This technique is used to estimate the amount of volatile material in a sample. To perform this method, heat a known amount of the sample to a high temperature in a crucible or other suitable vessel. The volatile substance in the sample evaporates, and the vapor is completely expelled from the crucible either by heating the sample or bubbling a stream of inert gas through...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Optimized Sealing Process and Real-Time Monitoring of Glass-to-Metal Seal Structures
04:41

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Published on: September 2, 2019

Glass hydration: a method of dating glass objects.

W A Lanford

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |May 27, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new nondestructive method uses hydrated glass layer thickness to date man-made glass. This technique, employing (15)N nuclear resonance depth profiling, establishes a qualitative age scale for 19th- and 20th-century American glass objects.

    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Archaeometry
    • Analytical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Authenticating and dating man-made glass is crucial for historical and archaeological studies.
    • Existing methods for glass dating can be destructive or lack precision.
    • Understanding glass surface alteration is key to developing new dating techniques.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and evaluate a novel nondestructive method for dating and authenticating man-made glass.
    • To explore the relationship between glass age and surface hydration layer thickness.
    • To establish a preliminary age scale for specific types of historical glass.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing the (15)N nuclear resonance depth profiling technique to measure the thickness of the hydrated surface layer on glass.

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  • Analyzing the correlation between measured hydration layer thickness and the known age of glass samples.
  • Developing a qualitative age scale based on hydration layer thickness for 19th- and 20th-century American glass.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a measurable relationship between the age of glass objects and the thickness of their hydrated surface layers.
    • Successfully applied (15)N nuclear resonance depth profiling for nondestructive analysis of glass surfaces.
    • Established a qualitative age scale for common 19th- and 20th-century American glass, showing potential for dating applications.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed nondestructive method shows significant potential for dating and authenticating man-made glass.
    • Hydration layer thickness, measured by (15)N nuclear resonance depth profiling, serves as a reliable indicator of glass age.
    • This technique offers a valuable new tool for researchers in materials science, archaeology, and art history.